一、隐式类型转换
1、隐式类型转换
隐式类型转换:SELECT 1 + '1'; 程序可读性差,且依赖数据库的隐式转换规则,如果数据库升级,则程序可能无法正确执行; 有可能会导致索引失效; 有可能会导致意想不到的结果;显式类型转换:SELECT 1 + CAST('1' AS SIGNED INT);
2、数值型 + 字符型
SELECT 1+'1'; 结果:2SELECT CONCAT('北京',2008); 结果:北京2008SELECT '北京' + 2008; 结果:2008SELECT 'HELLO ' + 'WORLD!'; 结果:0
3、隐式类型转换导致索引失效
##CREATE TABLE teacher(teacher_id VARCHAR(50),teacher_name VARCHAR(50),id_no VARCHAR(50));CREATE INDEX idx_teacher_id ON teacher(teacher_id);##CREATE TABLE student(student_id INT,student_name VARCHAR(50),teacher_id INT);CREATE INDEX idx_teacher_id ON student(teacher_id);##SELECT*FROM student aINNER JOIN teacher bON a.teacher_id = b.teacher_id;此时不会走索引,因为在teacher表中,teacher_id是varchar类型,而student表中teacher_id是int类型,会做隐式类型转换,把varchar转为int类型;
4、隐式类型转换导致意想不到的结果
##依据上面的建表语句,建表并插入以下数据: INSERT INTO teacher VALUES('20180204060001','李斌','530102192005080114'); INSERT INTO teacher VALUES('20180204060002','张成','530102192005080115');以下语句会返回两条结果,因为teacher_name是varchar型的,要先转为int型,varchar转int型就变成了0SELECT COUNT(*) FROM teacher WHERE teacher_name = 0; | |(等价) SELECT COUNT(*) FROM teacher WHERE CAST(teacher_name AS SIGNED INT) = 0;这种操作还是很危险的,因为当执行删除语句时,可能会删错;DELETE FROM teacher WHERE teacher_name = 0;##SELECT COUNT(*) FROM teacher WHERE teacher_name = 0;为什么不是等价于:SELECT COUNT(*) FROM teacher WHERE teacher_name= '0';因为隐式类型转换时,转的是左边而不是右边;##以下语句会返回两条信息,而不是一条,因为530102192005080114这串数字,已经超过了int类型的范围,超过了int类型的范围就会转为float类型,等号两边都转为float类型,会丢精度,也就是最后一位数丢了,剩下的就相等了,就全返回了;SELECT COUNT(*) FROM teacher WHERE id_no = 530102192005080114;等价于:SELECT COUNT(*) FROM teacher WHERE CAST(id_no AS DECIMAL) = CAST(530102192005080114 AS DECIMAL);在查询时把530102192005080114加上单引号就可以了;
5、其他数据库转换导致意想不到的结果
在Teradata数据库中:SELECT 10/4; 结果:2 解决:可以把分母分子乘以1.00,再运算 SELECT COUNT(*) FROM table1; count返回的是int类型,如果表中数据量超过count出来的数,就报错 解决:在count(*) 外面cast转换一下,转换为能保存结果的类型